19 Eylül 2010 Pazar

Medical reminders - ( I-J-K-L-M-N-O )

Sponsorlu Bağlantılar:

Intracranial hemorrhage (etiologies)
Infection (herpes)
Newborn prematurity
Trauma
Recent thrombosis (venous sinus)
AVM (arterial-venous malformation)
Coagulopathy
Renal arterial anomalies (hypertension)
Aneurysm
Neoplasm on CNS
Infarction (cerebral)
Abuse of cocaine
L-Asparaginase

Ig A deficiency (clinical features)
Infection (sinopulmonary)
Gastrointestinal (IBD, Giardia)
Autoimmune diseases (lupus, arthritis)

Iron deficiency (causes)
Increased growth
Reduced absorption
Overt/occult bleeding
Nutrition (low iron intake)

Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (clinical criteria)
Rheumatoid factors
Hands
Epidermal (subcutaneous nodules)
Unequivocal decalcification on X-ray
Morning stiffness
Arthritis (symmetric)
Three or more joints involved

Kawasaki disease (clinical features)
Conjunctivitis
Oral lesions
Wrist
Ankle
Skin lesion
Adenopathy
Key: Temperature>5 days
IVIG is the choice of treatment

Lead poisoning
(clinical features)
Learning disabilitiy
Encephalopathy
Anemia
Developmental delay

Learning disorders (etiologies)
Lead Poisoning
Epileptic Disorder
ADHD
Receptive
Neurodegenerative
Impaired Mental Status
Nutrition
Genetics

Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease
(clinical features)
Limping
Cartilage space widening on X-ray
Pain
Decreased range of motion by exam

Leprosy (clinical features)
Leonine facies
Epidermal nodules
Peripheral nerves (neuritis)
Respiratory mucosa (ulceration)
Ocular (iritis)
Lyme disease (clinical features)
Tick bite
Impaired memory (meningitis)
Carditis
Knee joint involvement
Skin rashes

Lyme disease
(pathophysiology and treatment)
Skin bite by tick
Pain at bite site
Injection of saliva
Rash is typical (erythema chronicum migrans)
Organ involve via blood
CNS (aseptic meningitis)
Heart (carditis, AV-block)
Extremity (joint pain, arthritis)
Tetracycline is first choice
Erythromycin or Amoxicillin as alternatives

Marden-Walker syndrome
MR
Agenesis of corpus callosum
Retarded growth
Digital and joint anomalies
Emotionless facies
Narrow palpebral fissures

Marfan syndrome
Myopia
Aortic dilatation/insufficiency
Ratio reduction of upper/lower segment
Familial (autosomal dominant)
Arachnodactyly
Narrow face/palate
Stature (thin tall):scoliosis

Marshall syndrome
Myopia/cataract
Anteverted nare of short nose
Robin sequence
Short stature
Hearing loss
Absent frontal sinus
Limb anomalies
Lip thickening




Maternal serum AFP
(elevated MSAFP)
Multiple gestations
Spina bifida (NTDs)
Abdominal wall defects (Omphalocele, gastroschisis)
Fetal death
Placental anomalies

Measles (rubeola) (clinical features)
Rashes
URI
Buccal Koplik’s spot
Eye (conjunctivitis, photophobia)
Organomegaly
Lung (pneumonia occurs 6-10%)
Adenopathy

Melanoma and moles
(indication for malignancy)
Margin--irregularity
Odd color
Large diameter
Elevation
Shape--asymmetry

Metabolic acidosis
(with abnormal anion gap)
Alcohol
Non-ketotic coma
Iron/INH
Organic acid
Nephritic (renal) failure
Glycolates
Aspirin
Penicillin/paraldehyde

Metabolic acidosis
(with normal anion gap)
Meds (nephrotoxins)
Extra chloride from TPN
Tubular acidosis
Adrenal insufficiency
Bowel fistula
Ostomy (ureteroenterostomy)
Loose stool (diarrhea)
Intake of chloride
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors


Mumps (parotitis) (clinical presentation)
Muscular involvement
Up-displaced ears
Malaise
Painful
Swelling

Mumps (parotitis) (complications)
Pancreatitis
Arthritis
Renal (nephritis)
Orchitis/Oophoritis
Thyroiditis
Intracranial (meningitis)
Thrombocytopenia
Intrauterine infection
Sensorineural hearing loss

Myasthenia gravis (clinical presentation)
Growth retardation
Rapid fatigue of muscles
Amblyopia/ptosis
Ventilatory insufficiency
Inability of sucking/swallowing
Seizure

Myasthenia gravis (treatment)
Glucocorticoids
Removal of auto-antibody (plasmapheresis)
Anticholinesterase (Prostigmin)
Ventilation support
IVIG
Surgery (thymectomy)

Myocardial Infarction (management)
Tissue plasminogen acvtivatorü
Heparin
Rest in bed
Oxygen
Morphine
Beta-blocker
Urinokinase/streptokinase
Salicylate (aspirin)

Near drowning (complicatios)
ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome)
Brain damages
C-Spine injuries
DIC
Electrolytes (acidosis)

Necrotizing enterocolitis (management)
Antibiotics
Bowel resting
Culture/CBC
Decompression(NG tube)
Electrolyte monitoring
Fluid managing

Nephrotic syndrome (clinical features)
Nail whitening
Edema
Proteinuria
Hyperlipidemia
Reduction of albumin
Organomegaly
Thrombosis
Infection (peritonitis)
Calcium loss

Nephrotic syndrome (management)
Corticosteroids
Cyclosporin
Cyclophosphamide
Chlorthiazine/lasix
Cooking with low salt
Consider albumin PRN

Neuroblastoma (poor prognostic factors)
Amplified N-myc
Bone marrow involved
Chromosome #1 deletion
Dehydrogenase (LDH) increased

Neurofibromatosis type-1
 (diagnostic criteria)
Cafe-au-lait spots
Axillary freckling
Fibroma (Neurofibroma)
Eye (Lisch nodules)
Skeletal (scoliosis, bowing legs)
Pedigree (positive familiy Hx)
Optic
Tumors (optic tumor=optic pathway Glioma)

Niemann-Pick disease
Pulmonary involvement
Increased liver and spleen
CNS involvement
Kidney involvement

Obesity (assesment)
Onset
Behavior
Exercise
Social
IQ (mental, school, psych?)
Total daily intake
Young or old

Obesity (management)
Activity
Behavior
Calorie intake
Drugs
Entire family
Follow-ups
Goal set-up

Obesity (complications)
Airway (asthma, sleeping apnea)
Bone (orthopedic-SCFE)
Cardiovascular diseases
Diabetes
Emotional/psychosical dysfunction
Fatty acid metabolic anomaly (lipid)
Gall bladder diseases
Hypertension

Osteogenesis imperfecta
Growth (short stature)
Extremity (deformity, fracture)
Neurosensory deafness
Eye (blue sclera)
Skin (thin skin, scar)
Imperfecta of dentinogenesis)
Spine (scoliosis)

Oxygen saturation curve
(factors for "right shift")
Respiratory disease (COPD-resultant 2,3 DPG)
Increased PCO2
Glycerate (increased 2,3DPG)
H+ (acidosis)
Temperature (fever)